Fig. 3: Packaging design and acoustic energy output performance of the as-fabricated miniaturized ultrasound transducer.

a 3D printable materials with tunable attenuation coefficient and acoustic impedance for transducer packaging. b Acoustic pressure map vs. 3D printed miniaturized transducer curvature and arc length, showing that the generated acoustic pressure already exceeds many medical application thresholds. c Schematic image of a 3D printed miniaturized ultrasound transducer. d Optical image of a 3D printed miniaturized ultrasound transducer with a focused micro-PZT element.