Fig. 2: Electrocatalytic performance of the catalysts.

a IR-corrected LSV curves of NiMn and NiFe-LDHs both recorded in 1 M KOH without and with 3 M CH3OH. b ECSA normalized specific activities of NiMn and NiFe-LDHs for MOR (at 1.45 VRHE) and OER (at 1.65 VRHE). c Cell LSV curves (no iR correction) of HER/MOR electrolysis using an electrode pair of Pt/C//NiMn before and after 3000 CV sweeps in a single-chamber electrolyzer with 1 M KOH and 3 M CH3OH, using Pt/C//RuO2 as reference. d Chronopotentiometry (CP) profiles at 10/100 mA cm−2 (inset shows FE of formate obtained via continuous electrolysis).