Fig. 3: CER electrochemical activity of Ru-O4 SAM.
From: Electrosynthesis of chlorine from seawater-like solution through single-atom catalysts
a Polarization curves of Ru-O4 SAM, CS-Ru NPs, and DSA in 1 M NaCl solution with pH of 1 at a scan rate of 5 mV s−1 and an electrode rotation speed of 1600 rpm. The polarization curve of Ru-O4 SAM in Cl−-free environment measured in 1 M NaClO4 with a pH of 1. The DSA is measured without electrode rotation. All polarization curves were corrected with 95% iR compensation. b Tafel plots of Ru-O4 SAM, CS-Ru NPS, and DSA in 1 M NaCl solution. c Cl2 selectivity testing of Ru-O4 SAM using rotating ring-disk electrode (RRDE) technique in Ar-saturated 1 M NaCl solution with pH of 1. When a constant potential is applied to the disk electrode for Cl2 generation for 600 s, a ring current caused by Cl2 reduction is detected immediately. d Turnover frequency (TOF) of the Ru-O4 SAM calculated based on the loaded Ru atoms at different overpotentials along with some recently reported CER catalysts. e Comparison of TOF at an overpotential of 50 mV, onset potential (Eonset), overpotential to reach 10 mA cm−2, Tafel slope, and Cl2 selectivity. f Current densities against cell voltages on Ru-O4 SAM, CS-Ru NPs, and DSA using a home-made flow cell system. g Corresponding Cl2 selectivity of Ru-O4 SAM, CS-Ru NPs, and DSA at different cell voltages measured by iodometric titration. h Stability test of Ru-O4 SAM measured in 1 M NaCl using a home-made flow cell system. The current density of the flow cell is maintained at 1000 mA cm−2.
