Fig. 3: Calculated X-ray induced refractive index change.
From: A sensitive high repetition rate arrival time monitor for X-ray free electron lasers

Change of the refractive index in a 50 μm thick diamond sample for different X-ray pulse energies of a broad range of X-ray photon energies. Subfigures (a–c) show the expected refractive index change for X-ray pulses with a full-width at half maximum beam diameters of d = 20 μm, d = 100 μm and d = 200 μm, calculated with the Drude model. Correspondingly (d–f) illustrate the expected refractive index changes calculated with the Maxwell-Garnett (M-G) theory. For details see text.