Fig. 4: Competing RpS3^+/− losers exhibit a further growth disadvantage in male wing discs.

a Representative images of wing discs containing RpS3^+/− losers (green) generated using the MiWO system competing against wildtype winners (unlabelled) and immuno-stained for cleaved-Dcp-1 (red). Wing discs were derived from female (top left) or male (top right) larvae (who inherited the rescuing construct from their mothers) or from two separate dissections of female larvae who inherited the rescuing construct from their fathers (bottom left and bottom right). b Quantification of RpS3^+/− pouch coverage in wing discs as in (a), with mean and 95% CI shown. Statistics reflect two-sided t-tests without adjustment for multiple comparisons with un-pooled Cohen’s d effect size. Biologically independent samples per replicate are as follows: replicate 1: n_{Females, MiWO Mat.} = 16, n_{Males, MiWO Mat.} = 6, n_{Females, WT Mat. (1)} = 16, n_{Females, WT Mat. (2)} = 12; replicate 2: n_{Females, MiWO Mat.}= 14, n_{Males, MiWO Mat.}= 10, n_{Females, WT Mat.}= 8; replicate 3: n_Females = 18, n_Males = 15. c Quantification of the percentage of cells undergoing apoptosis at the RpS3^+/− patch border in wing discs as in (a), with mean and 95% CI shown. Statistics reflect two-sided Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney U-test without adjustment for multiple comparisons. Biologically independent samples per replicate are as follows: replicate 1: n_{Females, MiWO Mat.} = 16, n_{Males, MiWO Mat.} = 6, n_{Females, WT Mat. (1)} = 16, n_{Females, WT Mat. (2)} = 12; replicate 2: n_{Females, MiWO Mat.} = 14, n_{Males, MiWO Mat.} = 10, n_{Females, WT Mat.}= 8; replicate 3: n_Females = 18, n_Males = 15. d Representative images of wing discs from female (left) or male (right) larvae containing RpS3^+/+ cells (green) in a background of unlabelled RpS3^+/+ cells carrying a third copy of the RpS3 gene (act > RpS3>Gal4) and stained for DAPI (blue). e Quantification of RpS3^+/+ cell coverage in wing discs as in (d), with mean and 95% CI shown. Statistics reflect two-sided t-test with un-pooled Hedges g effect size. Biologically independent samples per replicate are as follows: replicate 1: n_Females = 13, n_males = 10; replicate 2: n_Females = 19, n_males = 19. f Representative images of wing discs from female (left) or male (right) larvae containing RpS3^+/− losers (green) and wildtype winners (unlabelled) stained for DAPI (blue). g Quantification of RpS3^+/− pouch coverage in wing discs as in (f), with mean and 95% CI shown. Statistics reflect two-sided t-test with un-pooled Hedges g effect size. Biologically independent samples per replicate are as follows: replicate 1: n_Females = 15, n_males = 16; replicate 2: n_Females = 16, n_males = 15; replicate 3: n_Females = 19, n_males = 18; replicate 4: n_Females = 23, n_males = 20. h Representative images of wing discs from female (left) or male (right) larvae containing RpL27A^+/− losers (green) competing against wildtype winners (unlabelled) and stained for DAPI (blue). i Quantification of loser patch coverage in wing discs as in (h), with mean and 95% CI shown. Statistics reflect two-sided t-test with un-pooled Hedges g effect size. Biologically independent samples per replicate are as follows: replicate 1: n_Females = 30, n_males = 30; replicate 2: n_Females = 21, n_males = 21; replicate 3: n_Females = 25, n_males = 31. Scale bars correspond to 50 µm. Source data are provided as a Source Data file. ♀ symbol denotes females, ♂ denotes males, ♀/♂ denotes males who inherited the MiWO construct from their mothers.