Fig. 7: Pentanoate improves anemia and intestinal inflammation associated with established colitis. | Nature Communications

Fig. 7: Pentanoate improves anemia and intestinal inflammation associated with established colitis.

From: Microbiota-assisted iron uptake promotes immune tolerance in the intestine

Fig. 7

a Schematic of the experiments to evaluate pentanoate in chronic colitis after the disease onset. Briefly, WT mice were administrated 2% DSS for five days, followed by seven days of water or 1% DSS for 3 cycles. Twenty days later, 200 mM sodium pentanoate or vehicle was added to the drinking water, and the mice were analyzed 17 days after the pentanoate treatment. b As in (a), blood were collected and erythroid parameters, including the red blood cell (day 0, n = 15 and 16 mice for mock and pentanoate treatment group; day 37, n = 15 mice), HGB and hematocrit (n = 15 and 16 for mock and pentanoate treatment group respectively) were measured over three independent experiments. Error bars represent standard errors of the mean, ****p < 0.0001 in one-way ANOVA Test. c–f As in (a), the lengths and H&E staining of colons were determined. e Scale bars represent 200 μm. The data are representative (c, e) or summary (d, f) of two independent experiments. d n = 17 mice in each condition, f n = 5 mice. Statistical significance was determined by two-tailed Student’s t test. ***p < 0.001. Data shown are mean ± SD. g, h Pentanoate levels in stool samples from patients with Crohn’s disease (CD), Ulcerative colitis (UC), and control individuals (normal) were determined with LC-MS. Data are Z-score transformed based on previously published HPM2 (g n = 146, n = 265, n = 135 for individuals with UC, CD or without IBD) or PRISM (h, n = 88, n = 76, n = 56 for individuals with CD, UC, or without IBD) studies62,63. Box plots indicate median and interquartile range (IQR). The upper and lower whiskers indicate 1.5 times the IQR from above the upper quartile and below the lower quartile.*p < 0.05; ns, not statistically significant based on linear regression analysis. i As in g, pentanoate levels in the stool samples were positively correlated with FTH1 expression (FPKM), a surrogate for intracellular iron levels, in the intestine determined with RNA-seq. Data are Z-score transformed based on HPM2 studie63. p = 0.02 based on Pearson coefficient analysis (two-sided). The error band represents the linear regression line with a 95% confidence interval.

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