Fig. 5: In vivo oncolytic efficacy and immuneactivation capacity of the biomineralized microbial nanocomposite.

a Schematic illustration of the antitumor activity and immunity investigation of the biomineralized microbial nanocomposite on TC-1-hCD46 xenograft tumor-bearing C57 female mice model. b Individual tumor growth kinetics in different groups. Data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 6 mice). Source data are provided as a Source Data file. c The immunofluorescence images of CD8⁺ T cells in tumor tissues. Scale bars = 50 μm. This experiment was repeated three times independently with similar results. d Representative flow cytometric evolution images (g) as well as relative quantification of CD8⁺ T cells (CD45⁺CD3⁺CD8⁺) in the tumor. Data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 3 independent experiments). ****p < 0.0001 by two-tailed Student’s t-test. Source data are provided as a Source Data file. e Representative flow cytometric evolution images (h) as well as relative quantification of Treg cells (CD45⁺CD3⁺CD4⁺FOXP3⁺⁾ in the tumor. Data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 3 independent experiments). ****p < 0.0001 by two-tailed Student’s t-test. Source data are provided as a Source Data file. f Representative flow cytometric evolution images (i) and relative quantification of MHC-II⁺ DC cells (CD45⁺CD11C⁺MHC-II⁺) in the tumor. Data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 3 independent experiments). ****p < 0.0001 by two-tailed Student’s t-test. Source data are provided as a Source Data file. (G1: PBS, G2: OMVs@P₂O-Ads, G3: CaP-OMVs-Ads, G4: Intra-Ads, G5:CaP-OMVs@P₂O-Ads, G6: Intra-Ads high does).