Fig. 3: The chemical and electronic state investigation.

a Raman spectra of OD-Cu NWs and Cu NWs. b O K-edge NEXAFS of Cu NWs, OD-Cu NWs, Cu2O and CuO. c Cu 3p SRPES with different photon energies. d, e The Cu K-edge XANES spectra (d) and the corresponding FT-EXAFS spectra (e). Inset, enlarged view of the pre-edge energy range of samples. f AIMD simulation of RDFs between Cu-Cu and Cu-O on the B-OD-Cu(111)-Osub surface and the corresponding local coordination configurations.