Fig. 1: Major catalytic glycosylation reactions available to date.

a The cornerstone glycosyl donors for catalytic glycosylation in chronological order. b Stoichiometrically remote activation of glycosyl ester type donor with strong electrophiles and transition metals. c Intramolecular ring-opening of donor-acceptor cyclopropane (DAC). d Our report on catalytic glycosylation with glycosyl ortho-(2,2-dicarbonyl)cyclopropylbenzoate (CCBz). Ph Phenyl, nBu n-butyl, M Transition metals, E Electrophiles, FG Functional group, R Functional group, Nu Nucleophile, LA Lewis acid.