Fig. 2: Fabrication and physical properties of the CarraChi gel.

a Crosslinked structure of the CarraChi gel. b Photo of the cast-drying fabrication process of the CarraChi gel. c Photo of a CarraChi gel membrane. d Side-view SEM image of the dry CarraChi gel. e FTIR spectra of the dry CarraChi gel, chitosan, and k-carrageenan at 25 °C. f Stress–strain curves of the dry CarraChi gel, CarraChi-H2O, CarraChi soaked with ZnSO4, and GF at 25 °C.