Fig. 8: Schematic diagram of PA, anthocyanin and phlobaphene biosynthesis pathways in maize seeds.

CHS, chalcone synthase, c2; CHI, chalcone isomerase, chi1; F3H, flavanone 3-hydroxylase, f3h; F3’H, flavanone 3´-hydroxylase, pr1; DFR, dihydroflavanol 4-reductase, a1; ANS, anthocyanidin synthase, a2; ANR, anthocyanidin reductase; UFGT, UDP-glucose: flavonoid glucosyltransferase, BZ1; GST, glutathione S-transferase, BZ2. Anthocyanins accumulate in aleurone cells, and phlobaphenes in the pericarp.