Fig. 6: Fear conditioning with optogenetic manipulation and 10-Hz photostimulation.

a Plots showing the frequency of whole-body plethysmographic signals during the prestimulation (2 s), 10-Hz photostimulation (12.5-ms pulse-on and 87.5-ms pulse-off, duty cycle: 12.5%; 40 times for 4 s), flat photostimulation (2 s), and poststimulation (2 s) periods in awake Cre⁻ and Cre⁺ mice. b Plots showing the frequency of whole-body plethysmographic signals during the prestimulation (2 s), photostimulation (flat, 2 s), and poststimulation (2 s) periods in awake Cre⁺ mice (P = 0.013, Mauchly tests for sphericity; F(2, 14) = 179.0, P = 1.1 × 10⁻¹⁰, one-way repeated-measure ANOVA with Greenhouse–Geisser correction; P = 6.6 × 10⁻⁶ compared to prestimulation, P = 8.9 × 10⁻⁶ compared to post, post hoc pairwise t test with two-sided and Bonferroni correction). c Plots showing the frequency during the prestimulation (2 s), 10-Hz photostimulation (4 s), and poststimulation (2 s) periods in Cre⁻ (blue) and Cre⁺ (orange) mice. d Plots showing the variability (coefficient of variation, CV) in the cycle duration in Cre⁻ and Cre⁺ mice. e Plots showing changes in the pressure amplitude of whole-body plethysmographic signals from the prestimulation to 10-Hz photostimulation periods in Cre⁺ mice. f, g Plots showing active time between CS⁻ and CS⁺ during the offset time blocks (light orange zone) and onset time blocks (light green zone) in Cre⁻ (blue) and Cre⁺ (orange) mice. The scale bar is 2 s in (a). Cre⁻ mice (n = 10, 8 females and 2 males, blue) and Cre⁺ mice (n = 8, 5 females and 3 males, orange) in (b–e, g). ^†P < 0.05, ^††P ≤ 0.01, ^†††P < 0.005 (main effects and interactions using ANOVA and post hoc pairwise comparisons), *P < 0.05, **P ≤ 0.01, ***P < 0.005 (two-tailed Welch’s t test and two-tailed paired t test), ⁰P < 0.05 (two-tailed one-sample t test against zero). Bar and line plots indicate means ± SEM. Circles in the graph represent individuals.