Fig. 2: Metagenomics identifies Lassa virus co-infections with prognostic implications as well as viral etiologies of Lassa-like illness.
From: Metagenomic surveillance uncovers diverse and novel viral taxa in febrile patients from Nigeria
a Metagenomics identifies Lassa virus (LASV) and non-LASV pathogens in 553 individuals presenting with symptoms of Lassa Fever (LF). Percent (color scale) and number (reported in box) of RT-qPCR-positive (458 samples) or RT-qPCR-negative (95 samples) cases containing the following non-LASV pathogens, which were each found in at least one sample: anelloviridae, hepatitis B, hepatovirus A, human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV_1), human blood-associated dicistrovirus (HuBDV), HuBDV-2, measles, parvovirus B19, and pegivirus C. b–d The proportion of surviving or deceased LASV-positive individuals who were co-infected with malaria (B), HIV-1 (c), or pegivirus C (d). e Causal directed acyclic graph of hypothesized relationships between ribavirin treatment, age, pegivirus C co-infection status, LASV cycle threshold (Ct) value, and outcomes. Arrows are annotated with adjusted p-values produced via multivariate linear (age + pegivirus → Ct; p = 0.0007 for age and p = 0.023 for pegivirus) and logistic (age + Ct + pegivirus + ribavirin → outcome; p = 1.85 × 10−12 for Ct) regression models. ***p < 0.001. *p < 0.05. n.s. not significant.
