Fig. 5: Corrosion of NiFe-E in ClE, BrE, and seawater.

a CPCs of NiFe-E in ClE and BrE. The scan rate was 10 mV s−1. b Durability tests of NiFe-E at a current density of 400 mA cm−2 in 1 M NaOH + 0.5 M NaCl, 1 M NaOH + 0.5 M NaBr, and 1 M NaOH + seawater electrolytes. c–e Corresponding SEM images of NiFe-E observed after 20 h operation in 1 M NaOH + 0.5 M NaCl, 20 h operation in 1 M NaOH + 0.5 M NaBr, and 30 h operation in 1 M NaOH + seawater.