Fig. 1: Design and characterization of the sponges for instantaneous blood auto-transfusion.
a Schematic diagram of the preparation of the HMP-modified sponges. The inset SEM images show the rough surface morphology after modification. Scale bars, 10 μm. b Pore-size distributions of MS, MS@D and MS@D-HMP. The experiments were performed independently in duplicate, with similar results obtained. c Permeating behaviors of water (20 μL droplet) on the surface of MS, MS@D and MS@D-HMP. Scale bars, 2 mm. The experiments were performed independently in duplicate, with similar results obtained. d Quantitative evaluation of water (left) and blood (right) sorption into MS@D-HMP. The measured weight of water (left) and blood (right) absorbed into MS@D-HMP per unit contact area (ms) versus the square root of sorption time (t1/2). The experiments were performed independently in duplicate, with similar results obtained. e Zeta potentials of MS, MS@D and MS@D-HMP (n = 6 independent samples, mean ± SD. One-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post-hoc tests). f Compressive stress-strain curves of MS@D-HMP after loading-unloading cycles. The experiments were performed independently in duplicate, with similar results obtained. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
