Fig. 5: Nanocompartment-directed confined endogenous polymerization in living organisms.

a In vivo PA imaging and b corresponding PA signal intensity of the 4T1-bearing tumor mice after intertumoral administration of ADPAH@AOT-Bro (1064 nm, n = 3). c Mean surface temperature of corresponding 4T1-tumor-bearing mice under 1064 nm irradiation (1 W cm⁻²) at 4 h post intertumoral injection of PBS, ADPAH@AOT, and ADPAH@AOT-Bro (n = 3). d Quantitative analysis of collage I from the immunofluorescence staining of primary tumor sections following various treatments (n = 3). ADPAH-Bro@AOT/NIR-II versus other groups: p < 0.001. e Quantitative analysis of CRT from the immunofluorescence staining of primary tumor sections following various treatments (n = 3). ADPAH-Bro@AOT/NIR-II versus other groups: p < 0.001. f Representative flow cytometric plots and g quantification of spleen-derived mature DCs (CD80⁺CD86⁺) following various treatments (n = 3). ADPAH-Bro@AOT/NIR-II versus ADPAH@AOT/NIR-II: p = 0.009; ADPAH-Bro@AOT/NIR-II versus ADPAH@AOT-Bro: p = 0.005; ADPAH-Bro@AOT/NIR-II versus ADPAH@AOT: p = 0.001; ADPAH-Bro@AOT/NIR-II versus PBS: p < 0.001. h Representative flow cytometric plots and i quantification of spleen-infiltrating T lymphocytes (CD8⁺ and CD4⁺) following various treatments (n = 3). p value for CD8⁺ T cells: ADPAH-Bro@AOT/NIR-II versus ADPAH@AOT/NIR-II: p = 0.001; ADPAH-Bro@AOT/NIR-II versus three other groups: p < 0.001. p value for CD4⁺ T cells: ADPAH-Bro@AOT/NIR-II versus ADPAH@AOT/NIR-II: p = 0.886; ADPAH-Bro@AOT/NIR-II versus ADPAH@AOT-Bro: p = 0.009; ADPAH-Bro@AOT/NIR-II versus ADPAH@AOT and PBS: p < 0.001. Data were presented as mean ± SD. Statistical significance in (d), (e), (g), and (i) was calculated via one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey post-hoc test. ns not significant, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001.