Fig. 1: Performance of ACA-lesioned mice in the 2AUC change-detection task.

a Schematic for the behavioral tasks. FA false alarm, CR correct rejection. b Schematic of the behavioral paradigms for learning phase1. c Performance of the control group in learning phase1. The performance was not significantly different between the left-go (red) and right-go (blue) trials (n = 9 mice, F_side(1,8) = 0.07, P_side = 0.8, F_side*day(9,72) = 1, P_side*day = 0.45, two-way repeated ANOVA). Colored shading, ± SEM. d Schematic diagram of the viral strategy for ACA lesion (left) and fluorescence image of a coronal section showing an ACA lesion (right). Green, fluorescent Nissl staining. n = 21 mice. e Similar to c, but for the performance of the ACA-lesioned group. ACA-lesioned mice failed to learn the contralesional detection task. The hit rates in contralesional trials were significantly lower than in ipsilesional trials during learning1 (n = 21 mice, F_side(1,20) = 161.66, P_side = 5 × 10⁻¹¹, F_side*day(11,220) = 19.85, P_side*day = 2 × 10⁻²⁷, two-way repeated ANOVA). f, g Similar to c, but for performance of the RSP-lesioned and PTLp-lesioned groups. RSP and PTLp lesions slowed down the learning of the contralesional change-detection task (RSP-lesioned, n = 7 mice, F_side*day(12,72) = 1.92, P_side*day = 0.046; PTLp-lesioned, n = 6 mice, F_side*day(12,60) = 5.44, P_side*day = 4 × 10⁻⁶, two-way repeated ANOVA). h, Schematic of the behavioral paradigms for the test phase. i Performance of the control group in the test phase (n = 8 mice). Red, left-go trials; blue, right-go trials. At each contrast level, left-hit + left-miss = 100%; right-hit + right-miss = 100%; left-FA + right-FA + CR = 100%. j Similar to i, but for performance of the ACA-lesioned group (n = 11 mice). Red, contralesional trials; blue, ipsilesional trials. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM. See Supplementary Data 2 for ANOVA parameters. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.