Fig. 5: The phase of cooling and freshening in abrupt climate events. | Nature Communications

Fig. 5: The phase of cooling and freshening in abrupt climate events.

From: Iberian Margin surface ocean cooling led freshening during Marine Isotope Stage 6 abrupt cooling events

Fig. 5

a Seawater oxygen isotope ratio reconstructed by paired Mg/Ca ratio and oxygen isotope of Globigerina bulloides. The orange dots are reconstructions in this work from IODP U1385. The gray lines are records in the ODP Site 977104. b The derivative of seawater oxygen isotope ratios shown in (a). The light blue lines represent the 95% confidence intervals in 10,000 Monte Carlo simulations considering the analytical errors of Mg/Ca and δ18Oc. Positive values represent larger freshening rates. c The sea surface temperature reconstructed by \({U}_{37}^{K}\) (green) and \({U}_{38{Me}}^{{K{{\hbox{'}}}}}\) (blue) in IODP U1385. d The C37:4% in IODP Site U1385 (this work). e–g The percentage of Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (Np%), the ice-rafted debris (IRD) abundance and carbon isotope of benthic foraminifera in the ODP Site 9838. We highlight the cooling stages by alkenone temperature on the Iberian Margin and Np% in the North Atlantic with blue bars. Note that the HE11 is strictly defined as the period of elevated IRD which was not quantified in this core. Source data are provided as a Source data file.

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