Fig. 1: The schematic of in-plane crystal symmetry breaking by dislocations.
a For the (100)-orientation, there are two \(\frac{1}{2} < 110 > \) lattice vectors in the film plane. The gold balls indicate the atoms constructing FCC lattice. Representative Burgers vector B is shown in b, resulting in c, dislocation with in-plane Burgers vector and no tilting of crystal lattice. d For (110)-orientation, there is only one \(\frac{1}{2} < 110 > \) lattice vector in the film plane. Therefore, Burgers vector B with out-of-plane component are required. Representative Burgers vector B is shown in e, results in f dislocation with an out-of-plane Burgers vector component and tilting of crystal lattice that is quantified by the angle θe. The gray arrows indicate \(\frac{1}{2} < 110 > \) lattice vectors. Gray and blue balls indicate two distinct crystal lattices, and the Burgers circuits and Burgers vectors are indicated by green and red arrows, respectively. It is noted that FCC structure is not shown in Figs. c and f for better visualization.
