Fig. 2: The observation of in-plane crystal symmetry breaking by dislocations.

a HAADF-STEM image of the (100)-orientation Pt(5)/Co(1.5)/NiO(20)/MgO heterostructure. Values in parentheses are thickness in nm. The statistical results of θe are shown in b. c HAADF-STEM image of the (110)-orientation Pt(5)/Co(1.5)/NiO(20)/MgO heterostructure. The statistical results of θe are shown in d. The white dash boxes show the Burgers circuits, and the red arrows show the projected Burgers vectors of dislocations. The symbol \(\perp\) indicates the dislocations. The blue line is the gaussian fitting of the data. The error bars represent the standard deviation of θe.