Fig. 4: Direct RNA sequencing of reference eGFP mRNA vaccine.

a Genome-browser (IGV) view of direct RNA sequencing alignments to the reference sequence. Coverage indicates the number of reads at each nucleoside position while the lower alignments grey bars indicate unique, individual alignments, with colouring indicating their similarity to the reference genome. b Direct RNA sequencing shows error type and frequencies across the mRNA vaccine and poly(A) tail sequence. c Plot shows the length of mRNA vaccine as measured from direct RNA sequencing, showing additional smaller peak resulting from artefactual trimming of poly(A) tail from reads. d Poly(A) tail length measured using tailfindr across three technical replicate direct RNA sequencing libraries. e Schematic diagram shows the different mRNA species, fragment size and contaminations identified by the VAX-seq workflow. Source data are provided as a Source data file.