Fig. 5: Antitumor therapeutic effects of STPNs in vivo.

a Schematic illustration of the establishment and treatment of orthotopic GBC-bearing mice. b In vivo bioluminescence (BL) images of orthotopic GBC in live mice receiving PBS, TZB, STPNs, or STPNs irradiated by 980 nm laser source before injection at a power density of 2.0 W cm−2 for 5 min. c Body weight changes of orthotopic GBC model mice in different groups (n = 5 biologically independent samples). Data are presented as mean ± SD. d Kaplan–Meier analysis of orthotopic GBC model mice in different groups (n = 5 biologically independent samples, one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s multiple comparison test). **P < 0.01. e Representative images of H&E and Ki67 staining of orthotopic GBC tissues in different groups after treatments (scale bar = 250 μm).