Fig. 2: Diversity, population size, and mean relative growth rates of growing communities of bacteria and archaea across treatments.

a Number of unique growing amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) (n = 4 replicates). b Population size of the growing community expressed as the percentage of growing taxa of the total community based on the sum of their 16 S rRNA gene copies (n = 4 replicates). c Mean taxon-level relative growth rates (n = 4 means of taxon-specific growth rates calculated per replicate). Asterisks depict significant results from either two-way ANOVA testing a full two factorial design (a, b: Drought Yes, Drought No, Climate Ambient, Climate Future) or a linear mixed model (c, n = 391–1845 taxon-specific growth rates per replicate). Light-colored dots represent replicate samples (a, b) or taxon-specific growth rates (c) across treatment replicates, used to calculate mean taxon-level relative growth rates and standard errors (points, error bars). Boxes show the interquartile range with a line representing the median and minimum/maximum whiskers (a). Error bars represent standard errors (b, c). Source data are provided with this paper.