Fig. 5: In-situ ATR-SEIRAS analysis of the catalysts.

Spectral profiles for TeN2–CuN3 (a), TeN3 (b), CuN4 (c) and CN (d) catalysts in CO2-saturated KHCO3 solution. The applied reference spectral profile was collected at open-circuit potential (OCP). e, f Plots of potential against wavenumbers in the CO adsorption (e) and water stretching mode (f) in ATR-SEIRAS spectra.