Fig. 1: The DI model in MEDES space clinic (Toulouse, France).

a Two participants in two separate baths underwent strict DI simultaneously. b, c The DI model simulates the lack of support and unloading observed in microgravity, as shown by the superficial pressure mapping where the pressure applied by the body is evenly distributed over the sensors during bath immersion. d Operational scenario and main testing protocols are represented throughout the study period. The participants arrived at the facility in the evening of B5, four days of baseline data collection have been performed (B4–B1). The participants entered the bathtubs at D1 ~09:30 and left the bath at the same hour at R0 (five full days of DI: D1–D5). Two days of recovery data collection were performed (R0–R1). Participants left the facilities in the morning of R2. The tests performed are represented by a filled dot, and a solid line indicates a continuous recording.