Fig. 7: DI induces a sedentary-like metabolism shift.

a Plasma triglycerides (TG; left), HDL (middle) and LDL (right) cholesterol (n = 18). b Atherogenic index of plasma calculated as log(TG/HDL) (left), plasma adiponectin (middle), and NEFA (right) (n = 18). c Urinary nitrogen, and plasma creatinine, proteins, and albumin (n = 18). d Oral glucose tolerance test, performed with 75 g glucose load. Plasma glucose and serum insulin levels at baseline (fasting) and 30, 60, and 120 minutes after glucose load. The total area under the curve (AUC) for glucose and insulin was calculated using the trapezoidal rule (n = 18). e Matsuda insulin sensitivity index (ISI), calculated as 10.000/√ [fasting glucose × 18 × fasting insulin] × [mean glucose × 18 × mean insulin during OGTT] (n = 18). f Variations in Δ% of the main parameters involved in the metabolic syndrome at D3 (D5 for NEFA and adiponectin) compared with baseline. g Hypothesis schema of the DI effects on metabolism. Bars and lines represent mean ± s.e.m. Box plots indicate minimum, 25th percentile, median, 75th percentile, and maximum. a–d One-way RM ANOVA compared with B1. Global ANOVA results: a Plasma triglycerides P < 0.001, HDL P < 0.001, LDL P < 0.001. b AIP P < 0.001, adiponectin P < 0.001. c Creatinine P = 0.295, plasma proteins P < 0.001, plasma albumin P = 0.005. a, c–e Two-tailed paired Student t test for plasma NEFA, urinary nitrogen, OGTT, and Matsuda ISI. Shading indicates DI period. AIP atherogenic index of plasma, AUC area under curve, HDL high-density lipoprotein, ISI insulin sensitivity index, LDL low-density lipoprotein, NEFA non-esterified fatty acids, OGTT oral glucose tolerance test.