Fig. 4: The improved therapeutic window of IL-15 treatment.

a Normal BALB/c mice received intravenous administration of PBS, free IL-15, and biNV-IL-15 for multiple injections (days 0, 3, 6, and 9) at various doses. b Body weights were normalized to that on day 0, and the changes were recorded for 14 days following various treatments. The blood sample was taken for hematologic and biochemical analysis: c ALT, alanine aminotransferase (U/L), d AST, aspartate aminotransferase (U/L), e ALP, alkaline phosphatase (U/L), f CREA, creatinine (μM), g PLT, platelet count (K/μL), h RBC, red blood cell count (M/μL). The sample was harvested on day 14 or once the mice were euthanized because of the toxicity. g, h The box plots define the minima, maxima, center, and bounds of box. Data represent the mean ± s.d. (n = 5/group) and were compared with the PBS group for statistical analysis. The p values in panels c, f, g are <0.0001. And the p values of IL-15 (7.5 μg × 4) to PBS and IL-15 (10 μg × 4) to PBS in panel d are 0.0003 and <0.0001, respectively. Statistical significance was calculated through one-way ANOVA using a Tukey post-hoc test. Source data underlying panels b–h are provided as a Source Data file.