Fig. 1: Solid-liquid/solid-gas synergetic reaction strategy. | Nature Communications

Fig. 1: Solid-liquid/solid-gas synergetic reaction strategy.

From: Controlling Selenization Equilibrium Enables High-Quality Kesterite Absorbers for Efficient Solar Cells

Fig. 1

a Schematic diagram of Se vapor-temperature equilibrium for the formation of CZTSSe and related secondary phases22,29. b Schematic diagram of the dual-zone selenization system. The Sex vapor generated in Zone 1 is transported to Zone 2 via carrier gas and subsequently reacts with the precursor film. c Schematic diagram of the typical time-dependent temperature evolutions of the precursor film and Se source in this work. The control of Se condensation and volatilization is realized through regulating the temperature difference between these two zones and the preheating duration (t0).

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