Fig. 2: Characterization of solid-gas (SG) and solid-liquid/solid-gas synergetic selenization (SLSG) films. | Nature Communications

Fig. 2: Characterization of solid-gas (SG) and solid-liquid/solid-gas synergetic selenization (SLSG) films.

From: Controlling Selenization Equilibrium Enables High-Quality Kesterite Absorbers for Efficient Solar Cells

Fig. 2

Top-view SEM images and Raman spectra of selenized films based on SG and SLSG reaction routes (a–c: SG sample, d–f: SLSG sample). The bule region in the SEM image is determined to be the cooled liquid Se according to the element analysis. In the Raman spectra, the color-filled peaks at 180 cm−1 and 265 cm−1 are assigned to Cu2SnSe3 and CuxSe, respectively42,43. g, h X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) spectra of SG and SLSG samples. Circles show the raw data, and lines give the muti-peak fitting results. Orange lines represent Sn4+ and green lines represent Sn2+. i Energy dispersive X-Ray fluorescence (XRF-EDX) elemental composition analysis of SG and SLSG samples. Error bar: standard deviation of the measurement results of a batch of samples.

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