Fig. 3: Subcontinental ancestries in Europe and correlation of ancestry with geography.

A) Bar plot showing ancestry proportions in the European populations and a cross-validation plot supporting K = 3 as the most likely number of ancestry clusters. Purple, orange, and cyan colors represent ancestry clusters associated with North, Southwest, and Southeast European populations, respectively. Individual Bar plots were sorted in descending order of the amount of North European ancestry (Purple), and populations are sorted in descending order of the average of North European ancestry. B) Correlation plots depicting Spearman’s rho between ancestry proportions and geographic coordinates. Colored lines represent fitted linear regressions. p value was derived from a two-sided test.