Fig. 5: Reaction mechanism and steps of PMS activation by PBA/MoS2@CSH.

a The removal rate of DC and pHfinal and b zeta potential of PBA/MoS2@CSH at different pH. Error bars represent the standard deviation of the test in triplicate. c In situ FTIR variation of PMS with reaction time. d–g The catalytic reaction route Step 1: PMS was pre−captured by protonation chitosan to form surface complex (d); Step 2: PMS was transferred to PBA/MoS2 S−scheme heterojunction due to higher Eads (e); Step 3: electron transfer and PMS activation were demonstrated by charge density difference (f and g). Yellow and green indicate charge depletion and accumulation, respectively.