Fig. 4: LSD1 inhibition suppresses HR and increases DNA DSBs.

a–d Representative images (a, c) and quantification (b, d) of neutral comet assays in A2780, SKOV3 and ES2 cells treated with indicated ZY0511 for 48 h or LSD1 knockdown (shLSD1) treatment after 5 Gy ionizing radiation (IR) treatment. Scale bar, 100 μm. Data represent mean ± SEM (unpaired two-tailed Student’s t test). The experiments were repeated three times. e, f Representative images (e) and quantification (f) of γH2AX-foci staining performed in A2780, SKOV3 and ES2 cells with or without 1 μM LSD1i (ZY0511 or SP2577) for 48 h or LSD1 knockdown (shLSD1) treatment. Green, γH2AX; blue, DAPI. Scale bar, 10 μm. Data represent mean ± SEM of three biologically independent experiments (unpaired two-tailed Student’s t test). g, h Representative images (g) and quantification (h) and of RAD51 nuclear foci in A2780, SKOV3 and ES2 cells with or without 1 μM LSD1i (ZY0511 or SP2577) for 48 h or LSD1 knockdown (shLSD1) treatment at 4 h after 2 Gy IR treatment. Green, RAD51; blue, DAPI. Scale bar, 10 μm. Data represent mean ± SEM of three biologically independent experiments (unpaired two-tailed Student’s t test). i–l Quantification of γH2AX foci and RAD51 foci per nucleus at the indicated time points after 2 Gy IR treatment in ES2 cells treated with or without 1 μM LSD1i (ZY0511 or SP2577) for 48 h (i, k), or shRNA suppression of LSD1 (j, l). Data represent mean ± SEM of three biologically independent experiments (two-way ANOVA). m Schematic illustration of the GFP-based HR reporter assay (DR-GFP) and NHEJ reporter assay (EJ5-GFP). iGFP, internal GFP repeat. n, o Quantification of HR and NHEJ using DR-GFP and EJ5-GFP reporter assay, respectively. Data represent mean ± SEM of three biologically independent experiments (unpaired two-tailed Student’s t test). ns, not significant, p > 0.05; *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001. Source data and exact p values are provided as the Source Data file.