Fig. 1: Enrichment of butyrate-producing gut microbiome after cardiac injury.
From: Gut butyrate-producers confer post-infarction cardiac protection
a Stools from ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients were collected right after percutaneous intervention (PCI) (STEMIT1) and on D28 after PCI (STEMIT2). The controls (Ctrl) and STEMI stools were subjected to b–f 16S rRNA V3-V4 NGS and g-h metagenome shotgun. b Venn diagram showing overlapping amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) of Ctrl, STEMIT1 and STEMIT2. c Shannon’s index of Ctrl and STEMI gut microbiota (vs. STEMIT1). d Principal co-ordinates analysis (PCoA) of weighted Unifrac of Ctrl and STEMI gut microbiota (vs. STEMIT1). e Spearman correlation of cardiac ejection fraction (EF, %) with Shannon’s index (upper) and Pielou’s evenness (lower). Blue for non-diabetic; red for diabetic. f Differentially abundant genera in Ctrl and STEMI samples. g Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) scores computed with distinct species in Ctrl and STEMIT1 via metagenomic analysis of 5 Ctrl and 11 STEMIT1 samples. h qPCR confirmation of Bifidobacterium adolescentis (B. adolescentis), Bifidobacterium ruminantium (B. ruminantium), Butyricimonas virosa (B. virosa), Streptococcus parasanguinis (S. parasanguinis) and Streptooccus salivarius (S. salivarius) abundance (vs. Ctrl for B. adolescentis, B. ruminantium; vs. STEMIT1 for B. virosa, S. parasanguinis, S. salivarius). i Nonhuman primates (NHPs) were subjected to cardiac ischemic/reperfusion (IR) injury. The stools at pre-IR, IRD1, IRD7 and IRD28 were subjected to 16S rRNA V3-V4 NGS. j Venn diagram showing overlapping ASVs in NHP stools at IR, IRD1, IRD7 and IRD28. k Shannon’s index of NHP gut microbiota in response to IR (vs. IRD28). l PCoA of weighted Unifrac of NHP gut microbiota (vs. IRD28). m LDA scores (left) and abundance (right) computed with distinct features in NHP gut microbiota in response to IR. n qPCR confirmation of B. adolescentis, B. virosa, S. parasanguinis, S. salivarius and Subdoligranulum variabile (S. variabile) abundance in NHP stools (vs. pre-IR). The number of biologically independent animals are indicated in each chart. Data in c, f, h, k, n were analyzed with Kruskal–Wallis test followed by Dunn’s correction; data in d, i were analyzed with PERMANOVA. Data are represented as mean ± SEM.
