Fig. 2: The structure and surface properties of NPs.
From: Nanoparticles exhibiting virus-mimic surface topology for enhanced oral delivery
a XPS spectra, b thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) curves, c Small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) patterns d N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms and e pore size distribution curves of NPs. Source data of a–e are provided as a Source Data file. f Oil-water distribution images of NPs. g Initial contact angles images of NPs. h The contact angles-time curves of NPs. Data are presented as the mean ± SD (n = 3 independent experiments). **P < 0.01 by two-tailed Student’s t-test. Source data are provided as a Source Data file. Circular dichroism (CD) spectra of i Boc-L-alanine and Boc-D-alanine (Boc-L/D-Ala), j CVSN and DVSN, which was synthesized by grafting D-Ala onto the surface of VSN. Source data of i, j are provided as a Source Data file. k CD spectra of amino acid solutions before and after incubation with CVSN and DVSN. Source data are provided as a Source Data file. l Amino acid adsorption capacity of CVSN and DVSN. Data are presented as the mean ± SD (n = 3 independent experiments). *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01 by two-tailed Student’s t-test. Source data are provided as a Source Data file. m Three dimensions (3D) confocal fluorescence microscope (CLSM) images of NPs penetrated through the rat mucus layer; blue: mucus stained with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC). red: Rhodamine B isothiocyanate (RITC) labeled NPs. Scale bar: 50 μm. Depth: 70 μm. Experiment was repeated three times independently with similar results. n Fluorescence integrated density and o permeation ratio of NPs in mucus permeation. Data are presented as the mean ± SD (n = 3 independent experiments). **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001 by two-tailed Student’s t-test. Source data of n, o are provided as a Source Data file. p Treatment protocols on the permeation of NPs in human intestinal mucus. q Image and r permeation ratio on the permeation of NPs in human intestinal mucus. Data are presented as the mean ± SD (n = 3 independent experiments). **P < 0.01 by two-tailed Student’s t-test. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
