Fig. 4: CCER1 mediates Tnp1/2 and Prm1/2 transcription and sperm nuclear condensation.
From: Phase-separated CCER1 coordinates the histone-to-protamine transition and male fertility
a Representative images of transmission electron micrographs (TEM) showing the defects of DNA condensation in sperm nuclei in Ccer1−/− mice. Scale bar: 2 μm (upper panel) and 1 μm (lower panel). b The grey intensity ratio of Ccer1−/− vs. Ccer1+/+sperm was shown (100% ± 2.14% vs. 86.11% ± 1.60%, n = 10 replicates). Two-sided student’s t-test. Error bars, mean ± SD. P = 4.47 × 10−8. Source data are provided as a Source Data file. c Heatmaps show the interaction frequency for both Ccer1+/+ and Ccer1−/− cells (chr1, 500 kb bin, two biological replicates for Ccer1+/+ and three biological replicates for Ccer1−/− sperms). d P(s) curve (100 kb, chr1), which represents the chromatin contact probability relative to genomic distance, is shown for all samples. e Saddle plots show the strength of compartmentalization between Ccer1+/+ and Ccer1−/− sperms. f Heatmaps show the normalized average interaction frequencies around all TADs (defined in mESC) between Ccer1+/+ and Ccer1−/− replicates. g The metaplot shows the insulation score around all TADs for all samples. h Western blot analysis of the levels of spermatogenesis-associated proteins in testis. i Western blot analysis of the levels of transition proteins in testis. j Western blot analysis of the levels of Protamine proteins in testes. k Western blot analysis of the levels of H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 in mature sperm. l Western blot analysis of the levels of Protamine proteins in mature sperm of Ccer1+/+, and Ccer1−/− mice. For (h–l), the loading control used for quantification and the protein to be compared were derived from the same experiment and that blots were processed in parallel.
