Fig. 4: Structural polarization characteristics. | Nature Communications

Fig. 4: Structural polarization characteristics.

From: Gradient tungsten-doped Bi3TiNbO9 ferroelectric photocatalysts with additional built-in electric field for efficient overall water splitting

Fig. 4

X-ray diffraction Rietveld refinement: (a) Bi3TiNbO9, (b) Bi3TiNbO9-W. The piezoelectric response near the contact resonant frequency under different driving voltages: (c) Bi3TiNbO9, (d) Bi3TiNbO9-W. e The out of-plane piezoelectric coefficient (d33) values. f Dielectric constant versus frequency at room temperature of Bi3TiNbO9 (cyan point) and Bi3TiNbO9-W (purple point).

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