Fig. 2: Mucosal cytokine and chemokine responses following LAIV inoculation. | Nature Communications

Fig. 2: Mucosal cytokine and chemokine responses following LAIV inoculation.

From: Early mucosal events promote distinct mucosal and systemic antibody responses to live attenuated influenza vaccine

Fig. 2

Immune mediators in the nasal site of vaccination were quantified from nasosorption samples collected over a time course post-vaccination for a IFNλ/IL-29, b IFNγ, c CXCL10, d IL-6, and e IL-33. f IL-33 levels over the first 8 hours post-LAIV (red, n = 40) and post vehicle control (blue, n = 8). g Correlation matrix of nasal mediator responses to LAIV at the peak time point for each mediator. Correlations between nasal IL-33 responses, measured as area-under-curve (AUC) of 0-8 h post-LAIV, versus later (1-7 days post-LAIV) AUC of vaccine shedding for h B/Victoria, and i B/Yamagata. Panels a–f show median and interquartile range values. In a–d and f, significance was tested between each time point and baseline (0 h) using two-sided Friedman tests with Dunn’s multiple comparison tests. Correlations in g–i used two-sided Spearman R-values and P-value adjustment for multiple testing where the significance of correlations is denoted by asterisks in g. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 ****P < 0.0001. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.

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