Fig. 3: Distal H3K27ac region divergence influences NUE related trait variation between KN9204 and J411.

a K-means clustering of variable H3K27ac peaks in three tissues of KN9204 and J411 under different nitrogen conditions. The numbers indicate number of peaks used in the analysis. b Distribution of cultivar-specific H3K27ac peaks and all H3K27ac peaks in the wheat genome categorized as distal, genic, or promoter regions, indicated by different colors. The numbers indicate number of peaks used in the analysis. c Assignment of cultivar-specific distal H3K27ac peaks to potential targets, with representative genes and GO enrichment displayed on the right (two-sided Fisher’s exact test, BH for multiple comparisons). The numbers indicate number of distal peaks assigned to targets in the analysis. Abbreviations: NN_R NN_Root, NN_L NN_Leaf, NN_S NN_Seed, LN_R LN_Root, LN_L LN_Leaf, LN_S LN_Seed. d Enrichment analysis of cultivar-specific distal H3K27ac targets within QTLs between KN9204 and J411 (One-sided Fisher’s exact test was used to calculate the p values). Abbreviation: Rt root tip number, Rd root diameter, Nup Nitrogen uptake content, Nct Nitrogen concentration, MRL Maximum root length, TKW Thousand-kernel weight, GPC Grain protein content, Rs Root surface area, Rdw Root dry weight, Ls flag leaf size. e Representative tracks illustrating the regulation of TaHyPRP06 by cultivar-specific distal H3K27ac peaks within qMRL-7B. The distal regulatory regions of TaHyPRP06 was denoted as “HR”. Abbreviations: NN_R NN_Root, LN_R LN_Root. Expression data shown as mean ± s.d. of three biological replicates. f Evaluation of the transcriptional regulatory role of cultivar-specific distal H3K27ac regions (“HR” and “XR”) through luciferase reporter assay in the tracks shown in (e) and Supplementary Fig. 4e (two-sided Student’s t test). Data shown as mean ± s.d. of three biological replicates. HR distal regulatory regions of TaHyPRP06; XR distal regulatory regions of TaXTH25.