Fig. 9: Schematic diagram for the role of CUL5 in virus-induced asthma exacerbations.

CUL5 modulates the antiviral immunity of AMs and induces asthma exacerbations by inhibiting IFN-β production, leading to neutrophil recruitment and accumulation in the airways. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) induces CUL5 accumulation in AMs, and CUL5 directly binds to and destabilizes O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), thereby restricting mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein (MAVS) O-GlcNAcylation and IFN-β production. Red arrowheads mean the change of indicated proteins/ posttranslational modifications (PTMs).