Fig. 1: Two-step strain annealing protocol and stress memory effect.
a The schematic of tensile stress relaxation with two different applied strains (\({\varepsilon }_{1}\), \({\varepsilon }_{2}\)) with an initial strain ε0 = 0. The preloading time is tw. F represents axial tensile force. The blue gradient represents increasing strain, while the red gradient represents decreasing strain. b The stress relaxation curves of two-step strain stimulations (\({\varepsilon }_{1}=0.5\%\), \({\varepsilon }_{2}=0.2\%\sim 0.6\%\)) for TiZrHfCuNiBe metallic glass at Ta = 593 K. c The semi-logarithmic plots of non-monotonic stress relaxation curves for three glasses (Red: TiZrHfCuNiBe high-entropy MG with the preload parameters of (\({\varepsilon }_{1}=0.5\%\), \({\varepsilon }_{2}=0.3\%\), tw = 900 s, Ta = 593 K); Black: (Fe11Zr1)91.2B8.8 MG with the preload parameters of (\({\varepsilon }_{1}=0.4\%\), \({\varepsilon }_{2}=0.2\%\), tw = 1800 s, Ta = 597 K); Blue: PVC with the preload parameters of (\({\varepsilon }_{1}=0.5\%\), \({\varepsilon }_{2}=0.3\%\), tw = 300 s, Ta = 318 K)). The titles of all three y-axis are σ (MPa). The tp and Δσ denote the peak time and the strength of the memory effect, respectively. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
