Fig. 1: Early therapy is associated with a higher rate of post-treatment controllers. | Nature Communications

Fig. 1: Early therapy is associated with a higher rate of post-treatment controllers.

From: Early antiretroviral therapy favors post-treatment SIV control associated with the expansion of enhanced memory CD8+ T-cells

Fig. 1

Plasma viral load kinetics A prior to ART initiation and during ART; and B post-ATI in W4-treated (n = 11) and W24-treated CyMs (n = 11). Plasma viral load kinetics during the initial six months following infection in animals not receiving ART (n = 17) shown as reference. Medians and IQR are shown. C Comparison of plasma viral load levels between W4- and W24-treated CyMs at the peak (acute infection), at the time of ART initiation and prior to treatment interruption. D Comparison of plasma viral load levels between W4- and W24-treated CyMs in the early days following ATI. The magnitude of the plasma viral load post-ATI in W4- and W24-treated CyMs is indicated by (E) the viral load peak and by (F) the cumulative pVL post-ATI (area under the curve - AUC, considering all pVL measurements until 6 months post-ATI). C–F Values for individual animals (W4 n = 11, W24 n = 11) and medians are shown. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; ns non-significant; 2-sided Mann‒Whitney U test. G Kaplan‒Meier analyses of maintaining no viral rebound (time without pVL > 400 copies/ml) following ART interruption (left) and achievement of post-treatment control (time to durable pVL <400 copies/ml after viral rebound) (right) in W4- and W24-treated macaques (n = 11 for each). Frequency of CyMs spontaneously controlling plasma viremia (<400 copies/mL) in untreated SIV infection and after antiretroviral treatment interruption (middle and right panels). The frequencies of posttreatment controllers among W4- and W24-treated CyMs are shown. Mantel Cox log-rank test was used to compare the two groups. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.

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