Fig. 1: Distribution of age at scan among all participants and typical CT maturation from childhood to adolescence.
a Participant age at MRI scan(s). Each dot represents a single scan of a participant and the longitudinal scans from the same participant are connected by lines. b Brain map of regional CT differences between the child and adolescent groups. Group differences were used to represent the extent of CT maturation in a mixed linear analysis including sex as a covariate and the individual-specific intercept as a random effect (Statistical Model I, Bonferroni corrected at p = 5 × 10−5, two-sided). A greater positive t value (darker blue) denotes more pronounced cortical thinning with development. c, d The mean CT maturation extent (estimated by t value) within each brain community was defined by Yeo et al., 44 and the laminar differentiation level was defined by Mesulam et al., 47. Spin tests45,46 were performed by spherical projection and rotation class positions 1000 times for correcting spatial autocorrelations, and the class-specific mean t values were expressed as z scores relative to this null model. A positive z score indicates greater cortical thinning than expected by chance. Asterisks denote significant level at pspin < 0.05 (pspin(FP) = 0.029, pspin(SM) = 0.004, pspin(HM) < 0.001, and pspin(IT) = 0.001, one-sided). VIS, visual; SM, somatomotor; LIM, limbic; DA, dorsal attention; VA, ventral attention; FP, frontoparietal; DM, default mode; IT, idiotypic; PL, paralimbic; UM, unimodal and HM, heteromodal. Values of the brain map were visualized using BrainNet Viewer (1.7)140.
