Fig. 3: Crystal structure, morphology, and composition of Co-LNMO. | Nature Communications

Fig. 3: Crystal structure, morphology, and composition of Co-LNMO.

From: Subtractive transformation of cathode materials in spent Li-ion batteries to a low-cobalt 5 V-class cathode material

Fig. 3

a XRD Rietveld refinement of Co-LNMO. Ni K-edge XANES spectrum (b) and Fourier transform EXAFS spectrum (c) of Co-LNMO and C-LNMO. d Raman spectra of Co-LNMO and C-LNMO. e FIB-SEM image of Co-LNMO with a secondary particle structure (scale bar = 1 μm). Inset: Cross-section image (scale bar = 1 μm). f SEM image of a primary particle of Co-LNMO (scale bar = 500 nm). g TEM image of Co-LNMO (scale bar = 20 nm). Inset: HRTEM image of Co-LNMO from the selected area (scale bar = 5 nm), FFT pattern from the circled area. h TEM-EDS maps of Co-LNMO and Mn, Co, Ni elements (scale bar = 200 nm). i XPS spectra of Mn 2p and Ni 2p of Co-LNMO and C-LNMO. XPS spectra of different elements at different depths in Co-LNMO: the Co 2p (j), the Mn 2p (k), and the Ni 2p (l). The signals were collected from the surface to the bulk after sputtering with an Ar+ cluster ion source, each signal acquisition interval is 5 min.

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