Fig. 2: Environmental impact of the current diet and alternative dietary scenarios based on a mass-based functional unit.

Contribution by different food categories to impact categories. The category “other” includes sugar and sugar-based products, salt, soft drinks, coffee (roasted powder) and juice. BAU Average Swedish Diet; VGNPBA Vegan Diet, all animal source foods (ASFs) replaced by plant-based alternatives (PBAs); VGTPBA Vegetarian Diet, meat and seafood replaced by respective PBAs; FLXPBA = 50% reduction of ASFs replaced by PBAs; VGNWHOLE Vegan Diet, all ASFs replaced by whole foods (WFs); VGTWHOLE Vegetarian Diet, meat and seafood replaced by WFs; FLXWHOLE = 50% reduction of ASFs replaced by WFs. The acronym PB in the food category means plant-based. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.