Fig. 2: Investigation of structure-activity relationship of CAD LNPs for firefly luciferase (FLuc) mRNA delivery in vitro.

a CAD LNP formulation parameters. CAD LNPs were formulated with one of 180 distinct CAD lipids, DOPE, cholesterol, and C14PEG2K at a molar ratio of 35:16:46.5:2.5, for a total of 180 distinct LNP formulations. b Representative cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) image of 3-A2−7b LNP morphology (n = 3 replicates). Scale bar: 100 nm. c Hydrodynamic size distribution of 3-A2-7b LNP obtained by dynamic light scattering (DLS). d A heatmap of luciferase expression following treatment of HeLa cells with CAD LNPs (10 ng luciferase mRNA, n ≥ 3 replicates). Relative luminescence unit (RLU) values of > 100 were classified as hits for hit rate calculation. e Relative hit rate of CAD LNPs with different secondary amine numbers. f Relative hit rate of CAD LNPs with different tail architectures. g Relative hit rate of CAD LNPs with different tail substitution numbers on each aldehyde. h Relative hit rate of CAD LNPs with different tail lengths. Source data are provided in the Source Data file.