Fig. 1: Response of Anopheles stephensi HP10 line midgut progenitors to Plasmodium berghei infection.

A Small triangular tdTomato⁺ cell in the basal side of the midgut epithelium. B Larger tdTomato⁺ cells embedded in the epithelium. Front and lateral views. Scale bar: 7 and 5 µm, respectively. td-Tomato (red), nuclei (blue) and actin (green). L= lumen and B= basal. C Delta antibody staining of small triangular tdTomato⁺ cells. D Close-up of delta immunostaining in small triangular cells. tdTomato in red; Nuclei in blue and delta in green. Scale bars: 7 µm. Micrographs are representative of experiments that were independently reproduced at least 2 times with multiple individuals each experimental group obtained similar results. tdTomato⁺ cells in midguts (E) 24 h, (F) 5 days and (G) 10 days PI. Parasites (green), tdTomato (red) and nuclei (blue). Volume of tdTomato (tdTomato⁺ cells) in the mosquito midgut at (H) 24 h (p = 0.9770) (I) 5 days (p < 0.0001) and (J) 10 days PI (p < 0.0001). Each dot represents the volume of red fluorescence for individual midguts and the medians are indicated with the horizontal line. Two-tailed Mann Whitney U test, ns = p > 0.05. Percentage of Plasmodium parasites that are in contact with midgut progenitors at (K) 24 h, (L) 5 days and (M) 10 days PI. C = uninfected midguts, I = infected midguts. n = number of parasites. The numerical data underlying the plots in the manuscript are provided as a Source Data File.