Fig. 2: Unveiling divergent metabolomic patterns in T2DM versus non-T2DM subjects within the “Chronic Stable Coronary Atherosclerotic Disease Prospective Cohort” registry. | Nature Communications

Fig. 2: Unveiling divergent metabolomic patterns in T2DM versus non-T2DM subjects within the “Chronic Stable Coronary Atherosclerotic Disease Prospective Cohort” registry.

From: Palmitic acid in type 2 diabetes mellitus promotes atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability via macrophage Dll4 signaling

Fig. 2

A Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) scatter plot visualizing metabolomic divergence between non-type 2 diabetes mellitus (non-T2DM) (depicted in blue) and T2DM (depicted in orange) human serum samples in the combined model (COMB). The X and Y axes represent the contributions of individual samples to the first two principal components (PC1 and PC2), respectively. B Cross-validation plot of the OPLS-DA model with 200 permutations, indicating robustness and absence of overfitting, as evidenced by intercepts of R2 = (0.0, 0.940) and Q2 = (0.0, 0.548). C A volcano plot delineating the pairwise comparisons of metabolites in T2DM relative to non-T2DM subjects. The vertical dashed lines depict the twofold abundance difference threshold, and the horizontal dashed line marks the P = 0.05 significance threshold. Metabolites exhibiting significant alterations are highlighted in orange (up-regulated) or green (down-regulated). D Venn diagram illustrating unique and shared metabolites between serum samples from non-T2DM and T2DM subjects in the cohort. E Depiction of the top 30 metabolites with the most significant differences based on the absolute values of log2 fold change. The bar graph represents the log2 fold change of each metabolite. F Annotation of metabolites using the Lipid Maps database, with text on the left and right sides denoting classes and categories, respectively. G Illustration of the frequency of significantly altered metabolites within each category as annotated by Lipid Maps. H Representation of the frequency of significantly altered metabolites within each class within the “Fatty Acyls” category. I Display of all significantly differentially expressed metabolites within the “fatty acids and conjugates” class based on the significance of their log2 fold change. The bars in the graph represent the log2 fold change values for each metabolite. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.

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