Fig. 4: Phage functional diversity and response to season diet.

a Accumulation curves of virulent and temperate phage PCs. b Venn diagram shows the number of PCs from virulent phages (Vir-PCs), temperate phages (Tem-PCs), and prokaryotic genomes (Prok-PCs). c Distribution of the ratio of shared PCs with prokaryotes in virulent and temperate genomes. Dashed lines indicate the average ratio in the distribution. Statistical significance is based on non-parametric Wilcoxon t test (unpaired). Barplots show the proportion of shared PCs between pairs of virulent phages (d) or temperate phages (e) and prokaryotes. The blue and orange bars represent the proportion of shared PCs for virulent and temperate phages and their predicted hosts in each host family, respectively. The gray bars represent the proportion of shared PCs for virulent and temperate phages and the nonhosts in each family. The error bar represent the standard deviation of the proportions. The n number in each parenthesis indicate the number of phage-host pairs in each family. Host families with most (top ten) number of phage-host pairs are shown. f The toxin-antitoxin genes identified on phage genomes and their abundance variations with dietary changes. Barplots show the number of PCs annotated as toxin and antitoxin genes found on virulent and temperate genomes. Color gradient in the heatmap denotes the Pearson’s correlations between the abundance of PCs related to toxin/antitoxin genes and dietary proportions in gibbons A2 and B2. P values for multiple testing were adjusted using the Benjamini and Hochberg false discovery rate controlling procedure. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.