Fig. 4: Frequency converter using VO2 memristor array-based oscillators.

a Schematic diagram of the integration of pulse signals accumulated at the same frequency through two oscillators. b The output results with two current biases (1.41 mA and 1.42 mA) applied simultaneously. c The response Vout with only one current bias 1.41 mA (first panel) or 1.42 mA (second panel) applied. The response Vout with the same current biases applied simultaneously (third panel). d Schematic diagram of the accumulation of different frequencies through the integration of pulse signals from two oscillators. e The output results with two current biases (1.5 mA and 1.22 mA) applied simultaneously. f The response Vout with only one current bias 1.5 mA (first panel) or 1.22 mA (second panel) applied. The response Vout with the same current biases applied simultaneously (third panel). g Schematic diagram of frequency accumulation through pulse signal integration of 8 oscillators. h The output results with 8 current biases (1.2 mA, 1.18 mA, 1.19 mA, 1.17 mA, 1.21 mA, 1.17 mA, 1.18 mA and 1.17 mA) applied simultaneously. i The response Vout with only one current bias 1.2 mA (first panel), 1.18 mA (second panel), 1.19 mA (third panel), 1.17 mA (fourth panel), 1.21 mA (fifth panel), 1.17 mA (six panel), 1.18 mA (seventh panel) or 1.17 mA (eighth panel) applied. The response Vout with the same current biases applied simultaneously (ninth panel).