Fig. 3: Clustering and genome localisation of Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (SDSE) and S. pyogenes mobile genetic elements (MGEs).
a Location of SDSE MGE insertion regions relative to the GGS_124 reference genome (NC_012891.1). Insertion regions are labelled from 1–55 of which 16 (29%) were shared with S. pyogenes (highlighted in purple). Shared insertion regions at which MGE clusters were also shared across species are highlighted with asterisks. The outer ring indicates the type of element detected at each insertion region in SDSE. tRNA and rRNA regions, the mgg regulon containing the emm gene, and the two FCT loci in GGS_124 are marked on the genome representation. b Clustering of 3,630 MGEs at 16 shared insertion regions across SDSE and S. pyogenes. Each cluster is outlined by an ellipsoid. Of the 40 MGE clusters, 10 (25%) were shared across species. Clusters which contained notable examples of near-identical (>89% nucleotide identity and coverage) cross-species MGEs are labelled: the global M1T1 ϕ5005.3 prophage carrying the Sda1 streptodornase (104 S. pyogenes, 12 SDSE), ϕsda1 refers to a prophage carrying a sda1 allele 95% similar to ϕ5005.3 (2 S. pyogenes, 1 SDSE), ϕspeC refers to a previously described prophage carrying speC and spd118 (2 S. pyogenes, 1 SDSE), ermB ICE refers to a complex nested ICE and IS/transposon element carrying multiple AMR genes including ermB (1 S. pyogenes, 1 SDSE). These MGEs represent a subset of elements within each respective cluster. c Genome architecture and comparison of the S. pyogenes M1T1 prophage ϕ5005.3, with a near identical prophage found in group G SDSE isolate 1D-1878 at insertion site 45. 1D-1878 was isolated from a case of invasive disease in Denmark in 201853. Regions of genomic similarity were inferred using BLAST and plotted using Easyfig v2.2.379. The grey gradient indicates the percent identity in the legend. The same prophage was detected in an additional 19 SDSE isolates spanning 10 distinct genome clusters and 7 countries indicating significant dispersion of the prophage in the SDSE population. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
